When the Legacies collaborators gathered at Six Nations of the Grand River Territory in Oshweken, Ontario in July 2019, Chandra engaged the group in making the connections between food and all of the elements acknowledged in the Thanksgiving Address. She distributed the drawings of the different elements that you see in the video and asked us to consider: āHow is this one thing related to food?
Using the English translation provided of the Thanksgiving Address, ask each group member to select one of the elements and talk about how they see it connected to food. They could write their thoughts on the back of a drawing. Then ask them to share their interpretation with everyone. Finally, discuss how sharing of perspectives has broadened your understanding of food.
Here are some examples from Legacies participants:
At the start of the video, Chandra offers what is called the āEdge of the Woodsā ritual of welcome, offered to outsiders or guests coming to Iroquois territory:
āImagine that Iām taking a soft piece of doe skin and that Iām wiping the tears from your eyes for any grief you may have accumulated, from any grief that youāre experiencing in your life.
Imagine that Iām taking a soft feather and that Iām wiping any dust out of your ears so you may hear clearly now the words that are going to be spoken now.
Then imagine that Iām giving you a cool drink of water to help clear the lump from your throat from any grief that you may be carrying.ā
– Chandra Maracle
How does this prepare you to listen to Mohawk words that you donāt understand and to learn from the world view represented by the Thanksgiving Address? How might this ritual prepare us for any new situation or dialogue?
When Legacies collaborator Fulvio Gioanetto, trained in Europe as a scientist, first learned about the Thanksgiving Address from Chandra, he said:
āI like how it talks about all beings as interconnected. Itās another kind of language; I can say the same thing in scientific language. Itās an honour to know the Mohawks, to listen to the same music but with different rhythms; itās a tradition that gives you a way to interact with life.ā
– Fulvio Gioanetto
How do you think western science and Indigenous knowledge might converge in understanding the interrelationship of all elements of the natural world?
Do you have any rituals for starting meetings or events that bring people together and acknowledge the interconnections? If not, what might you create that would serve that purpose with your group?
In Canada, since the Truth and Reconciliation Commission issued 94 recommendations in 2015, many schools and cultural institutions have initiated a āland acknowledgementā ritual ā taking time to name the Indigenous groups who have been stewards of the land one is standing on and acknowledging our responsibility as guests to continue to care for the land.
In introducing the Thanksgiving Address to a University of Toronto class in 2019, Chandra said āthis is the real land acknowledgement for the Haudenosaunee people.ā It goes beyond a rote naming of Indigenous groups to reflecting a world view that both greets and give thanks to all elements of nature, making connections with all our relations.
What Indigenous groups historically were and currently are stewards of the land you are living on? What would be an appropriate way to acknowledge their relationship to the land in the past, present and future?
Consider the question Robin Wall Kimmerer asks in Braiding Sweetgrass (112): What would it be like to be raised on gratitude, to speak to the natural world as a member of the democracy of species, to raise a pledge of interdependence?
Molly Anderson is the William R. Kenan Jr. Professor of Food Studies at Middlebury College, Vermont. She teaches, writes about and analyzes food insecurity and the right to food, resilience of food systems, food democracy, and pathways to transformation.
Many people in the United States are questioning the value of the brief and nearly obligatory āland acknowledgmentā at the beginning of an event or ceremony. For some, it is an empty gesture that changes nothing for the reality of Indigenous people whose land has been stolen, and at most elicits a little twinge of white or settler guilt which, once acknowledged, can be ignored.
The Thanksgiving address is a more meaningful alternative that might help both to remember whose land we stand upon and also the meaning to these people of that landāand all of their relations in the waters, birds, animals, and other living and non-living beings connected with it. Re-thinking and re-membering our interdependence with the natural world is a crucial teaching from Indigenous people for settler people who have lost our way in the world.
By losing our sense of relationship, we have lost the path that Indigenous people followed to be in the world with reverence and respect. And along with that loss of reverence and respect has come the callous ability to treat the living world, on which we depend for our lives, as nothing but a source of wealth to be extracted, a playground, or a waste-dump.
The traditional use and ubiquity of the Thanksgiving address are important to remember as well: this wasnāt comparable to a US Thanksgiving Day prayer before dinner, but an everyday practice of spirituality. Until reverence and respect infuse every day of settler existence, we will remain painfully separated from our relations and threatened with self-inflicted destruction.
Listen to the voices of Mohawk language professor Ryan DeCaire and Mohawk food leader Chandra Maracle as they offer the Ohen:ton Karihwatehkwen or Thanksgiving Address in both Mohawk and English.
The Haudenosaunee (known as the Iroquois Confederacy in French or as Six Nations in English) begin every gathering by offering greetings and thanks to all the elements of life that sustain us. This ritual brings everyone into the space with a good mind, ready to listen and learn.
Why begin a multimedia platform and a book about food sovereignty with a Mohawk greeting? As Chandra explains āI love to start any meeting with these words of thanksgiving to all the beings in the natural world. It shows that food is a great universalizer, something that we all need as human beings. In the context of talking about things like decolonization, truth and reconciliation, there are so many things that divide us. But food is a very approachable way of bringing us together, it helps us remember the universality of it all. Itās a way to bring people together, not to separate us.ā
Watch the Thanksgiving Address video first, focusing on the images while Ryan speaks in the Mohawk language. Then Chandra offers a further explanation in English. Below you can follow the text in Mohawk, followed by an English translation, both illustrated by drawings by Tuscarora artist Rick Hill.
Karihwahnhotónkwen
TewatatĆØ:ken, nĆ©: wĆ”hi thiaātewenhniserĆ”:ke tĆ”hnon nó:nen othĆ©:nen iorihowĆ”:nen tewaterihwahtentiĆ :tha, kanonhweratónhsera entitewĆ”htkaāwe. Teniethinonhweratónnion tsi nahoātĆØn:shon rokwatĆ”kwen tĆ”hnon roweiennentĆ :āon kĆØn:thon tsi ionhontsĆ”:te tĆ”hnon tsi tkaronhiatĆ”tie. NĆ©: nenā nĆØ:āe tewanaātónhkhwa ne OhĆ©n:ton KarihwatĆ©hkwen. Eh kaĢti naiohtónhake nonkwaānikoĢn:ra.
Onkweāshòn:āa
AkwĆ©:kon eĢnskat entitewahweānoĢn:ni nonkwaānikoĢn:ra tĆ”hnon teiethinonhwerĆ”:ton ne onkweāshòn:āa ienĆ”kere tsi ionhontsĆ”:te tsi shĆ©:kon rotiioātĆ”tie tsi nahò:ten shakorĆhonte ne ShonkwaiaātĆson naiĆ”:wenāne skĆ©n:nen aonhtĆ©n:tiā tsi ionhontsĆ”:te. Eh kĆ”ti naiohtoĢnhake nonkwaānikoĢn:ra.
IethiānistĆ©nha Onhóntsa
AkwĆ©:kon eĢnskat entitewahweānoĢn:ni nonkwaānikoĢn:ra tĆ”hnon taiethinonhwerĆ”:ton ne IethiānisteĢnha OnhoĢntsa. Iakorihwató:ken tsi shĆ©:kon taiakohtkaāwenhĆ”tie ne akoāshatstĆ©nhsera. NĆØ:āe kwiā thĆ:ken teionkwatonhontsó:ni ne aetiónhnheke tĆ”hnon skĆ©n:nen taetewataweĢn:rie ieronhkweānĆ :ke. Eh kĆ”ti naiohtónhake nonkwaānikoĢn:ra.
Kahnekahrónnion
AkwĆ©:kon Ć©nskat entitewahweānoĢn:ni nonkwaānikoĢn:ra tĆ”hnon teiethinonhwerĆ”:ton ne kahnekahrónnion tsi shĆ©:kon iotirihwató:ken tsi ionathnekahtentionhĆ”tie naiĆ”:wenāne aionkwaniaātanĆ”:wen nó:nen ionkwaniaātĆ”thens tĆ”hnon naonsakarĆ”:kewe tsi nahò:ten wahĆ©tkenās kĆ”:ien onhontsĆ :ke. Eh kĆ”ti naiohtoĢnhake nonkwaānikoĢn:ra.
KĆ©ntsonāshòn:āa
Ć:nen kĆ”ti akwĆ©:kon Ć©nskat entitewahweānoĢn:ni nonkwaānikoĢn:ra tĆ”hnon teiethinonhwerĆ”:ton ne niaātekĆ©ntsake awĆØn:ke tkontƬ:teron tsi shĆ©:kon iotinoharenionhĆ”tie tsi kahnekahrónnion tĆ”hnon taionahtkaāwenhĆ”tie ne aotiāwĆ :ron naiĆ”:wenāne tionhnhĆ©hkwen aionkwĆ”:tonāse. Eh kĆ”ti naiohtónhake nonkwaānikòn:ra.
Iothontón:ni
NĆ©: kĆ”ti akwĆ©:kon Ć©nskat entitewahweānoĢn:ni nonkwaānikoĢn:ra tĆ”hnon taiethinnonhwerĆ”:ton ne iothontón:ni shonkwaienthó:wi. Niaātekahón:take, niaātekahtĆØ:rake, tĆ”hnon niaātekakwĆ:rake kwiā wĆ”hi tewanahĆØ:sen ne aĆ©tewake nó:nen tewatonhkĆ”riaāks tĆ”hnon aionkhĆtsenāte nó:nen ionkwanonhwĆ”ktani. Eh kĆ”ti naiohtónhake nonkwaānikòn:ra.
Otsiānonwaāshòn:āa
Ć:nen kĆ”ti akwĆ©:kon Ć©nskat entitewahweānoĢn:ni nonkwaānikoĢn:ra tĆ”hnon taiethinonhwerĆ”:ton ne otsiānonwaāshòn:āa. Niaātekatsiānón:wake kwiā shakóāteron onhontsĆ :ke ne taiotirihwaienawaākónhake tĆ”hnon aiotiianerahstonhĆ”tieke ne tsi ionhontsĆ”:te naiĆ”:wenāne akwĆ©:kon skĆ©n:nen aonhtĆ©n:ti. Eh kĆ”ti naiohtónhake nonkwaānikòn:ra.
TionhnhƩhkwen
Ć:nen akwĆ©:kon Ć©nskat entitewahweānoĢn:ni nonkwaānikoĢn:ra tĆ”hnon taiethinonhwerĆ”:ton ne tionhnhĆ©hkwen. NiaātĆ©:kon aseāshòn:āa ionkwĆ”:ien kahehtakónhshon tsi nón:we ionkwaienthóhseron. NĆ©: kwiā ò:ni teiethinonhwerĆ”:ton ne Ćhsen NikontateākĆØn:āa – ó:nenhste, ononāoĢnsera, tĆ”hnon osahĆØ:ta. Eh kĆ”ti naiohtónhake nonkwaānikòn:ra.
Kahiāshòn:āa
NĆ©: kĆ”ti akwĆ©:kon Ć©nskat entitewahweānoĢn:ni nonkwaānikoĢn:ra tĆ”hnon teiethinonhwerĆ”:ton ne wahianiióntha. NiaātewĆ :iake kĆ”:ien onhontsĆ :ke ne aĆ©tewake, aetewahnekónniaāte, tĆ”hnon taetewĆ”:iehste ne tionhnhĆ©hkwen. TeiethinonhwerĆ”:ton ò:ni ne niiohontĆ©sha; nĆØ:āe kwiā ohĆ©n:ton tehshakotĆ”hston ne ShonkwaiaātĆson akanĆØn:rine ne kahihshòn:āa. Eh kĆ”ti naiohtónhake nonkwaānikòn:ra.
Kahrhahrónnion
AkwĆ©:kon Ć©nskat entitewahweānón:ni nonkwaānikòn:ra tĆ”hnon teiethinonhwerĆ”:ton ne kahrhahrónnion tĆ”hnon karontakweānĆ:io ne tsi nĆ:kon karontó:ton onhontsĆ :ke, WĆ”hta niiohsennò:ten. ShĆ©:kon tewaniahĆ©:sen ne aĆ©tewatste aetewatenonhsónniaāte, aetewatatiaātatarĆhaāte nó:nen enwathó:rate, tĆ”hnon tionhnhĆ©hkwen aionkwaā:tonāse. Eh kĆ”ti naiohtónhake nonkwaānikòn:ra.
Otsiātenāokòn:āa
AkwĆ©:kon Ć©nskat entitewahweānón:ni nonkwanikòn:ra tĆ”hnon taiethinonhwerĆ”:ton ne otsiātenāokòn:āa kontinĆ”kere tsi ionhontsĆ”:te tĆ”hnon ne kwah tkonwatikowĆ”:nen, Ć:kweks niiohsennò:ten, tsi shĆ©:kon taiaonatkaāwenhĆ”tie ne aotiāshatstĆ©nhsera. Eh kĆ”ti naiohtónhake nonkwaānikòn:ra.
KontĆrio
AkwĆ©:kon Ć©nskat entitewahweānón:ni nonkwanikòn:ra tĆ”hnon taiethinonhwerĆ”:ton ne niaātekariò:take teionatawĆ©nrie tsi kahrhahrónnion tsi shĆ©:kon iethĆ:kens tsi kontitakhenóntieās kahrhakónhshon tĆ”hnon taionatkaāwenhĆ”tie ne aotiāwĆ :ron tĆ”hnon aotinĆ©hon.Ā Eh kĆ”ti naiohtónhake nonkwaānikòn:ra.
Ionkhihsothó:kon Ratiwè:ras
AkwĆ©:kon Ć©nskat entitewahweānón:ni nonkwanikòn:ra tĆ”hnon taiethinonhwerĆ”:ton ne Ionkhihsothó:kon RatiwĆØ:ras tsi shĆ©:kon ratiwennotĆ”ties tĆ”hnon Ć”:se shonnón:nis tsi kahnekahrónnion tsi ionhontsĆ”:te. Eh kĆ”ti naiohtónhake nonkwaānikòn:ra.
Ionkhihsótha Ahsonthenhnéhkha KarÔhkwa
AkwĆ©:kon Ć©nskat entitewahweānón:ni nonkwanikòn:ra tĆ”hnon teiethinonhwerĆ”:ton ne Ionkhihsótha AhsonthenhnĆ©hkha WenhniātarĆ”tieās tsi shĆ©:kon tiekonhsarĆ”tieās tsi teionkhihswatheātĆ©n:ni tsi niwahsontĆ©:sonās naiĆ”:wenāne skĆ©n:nen aontĆ©n:ti tsi ionhontsĆ”:te. Eh kĆ”ti naiohtónhake nonkwaānikòn:ra.
EhtshitewahtsƬ:āa EntiehkehnĆ©kha KarĆ”hkwa
AkwĆ©:kon Ć©nskat entitewahweānón:ni nonkwanikòn:ra tĆ”hnon tehtshitewanonhwerĆ”:ton ne EhtshitewahtsƬ:āa EntiehkehnĆ©kha KarĆ”hkwa tsi shĆ©:kon thotenniehtonhĆ”tie ne raoāshatstĆ©nhsera. Eh kĆ”ti naiohtónhake nonkwaānikòn:ra.
Iotsistohkwarónnion
Ć:nen akwĆ©:kon Ć©nskat entitewahweānón:ni nonkwaānikòn:ra tĆ”hnon teiethinonhwerĆ”:ton ne iotsistohkwarónnion teiotihswathĆØ:ton tsi tkaronhiatĆ”tieās tsi shĆ©:kon ionkhinaātón:nis tsi niiotierĆ”:ton entewatiĆ©:raāte nó:nen ionkwatiaātahtòn:āon. Eh kĆ”ti naiohtónhake nonkwaānikòn:ra.
ShonkwaiaātĆson
Ć:nen kĆ”ti nón:wa eh nón:we iaātentewawennanĆharaāne ne tsi nón:we thotatenaktarakwĆ©n:ni ne ShonkwaiaātĆson. EntewehiĆ :rake tsi rohsaāĆ”nion, rokwatĆ”kwen tĆ”hnon roweiennentĆ :āon akwĆ©:kon nahò:ten tewaniahĆØ:sen aetiónhnheke. NĆ©: kĆ”ti akwĆ©:kon Ć©nskat entitewahweānón:ni nonkwanikòn:ra tĆ”hnon tetshitewanonhwerĆ”:ton ne ShonkwaiaātĆson. Eh kĆ”ti naiohtónhake nonkwaānikòn:ra.
Karihwahnhó:ton
Ć:nen kĆ”:ti eh niió:re waākaterihwatkwĆ©:ni akewennóhetsteā ne kanonhsweratónhsera. Tókaā othĆ©:nen sonkeānikóhrhen, Ć:se kwiā nenā nĆØ:āe tsisewaiaātĆ”tshon ientsisewatahsónteren tsi entisewahtkaāwe ne kanonhweratónhsera. Ć:nen nón:wa eh nón:we iahetĆ©wawe ne ioióhe aetewarihwahnhotón:ko tĆ”hnon enwĆ”:ton entewaterihwahtĆ©ntiaāte tsi nahò:ten ionkwaterƬ:wate. Ćātho kĆ”ti nikawĆ©n:nake tĆ”hnon ó:nen Ć©ātho.
Each day, when there is an important matter at hand, we must give thanks. We will give thanks for all he has created and prepared for us here on the earth and in the sky. This is called the matter before all else. So let it be in our minds.
We bring our minds together as one and give thanks to the people on the Earth, that they are still tending to their responsibilities so that peace can be possible on earth. So let it be in our minds.
We bring our minds together as one and give thanks to the earth, that in her kindness she still continues to provide us with her strength, for this is what we need to continue to live peacefully upon her body. So let it be in our minds.
We bring our minds together as one and give thanks to the water, that we still have waters to cool our bodies, quench our thirst, and wash away pollutants in the earth. So let it be in our minds.
We bring our minds together as one and give thanks to the many kinds of fish that live in the water, that they still clean the waters, and that we are able to use their meat to sustain us. So let it be in our minds
We bring our minds together as one and give thanks to the many kinds of plants growing on the planet: the grasses, roots, and shrubbery, that we depend on when we are in hunger, and that heal us when we are ill. So let it be in our minds.
We bring our minds together as one and give thanks to the many kinds of insects. He has created many different types of insects on the earth. They are connected to the beautification of the earth, so that things may come along peacefully. So let it be in our minds.
We bring our minds together as one and give thanks to the many kinds of sustainers, to the many kinds of fresh foods that grow in the gardens we plant. We also give thanks to the three sisters: corn, beans, and squash. So let it be in our minds.
We bring our minds together as one and give thanks to the many kinds of berries (hanging fruits) of the earth in which we eat, that we use to make juice, and that we use to sustain ourselves. We also give thanks to the strawberry, who was chosen by the creator to be the leader of the berries/fruit. So let it be in our minds.
We bring our minds together as one and give thanks to the many forests, and the leader of the trees, the maple. That we are still able to use it to make our homes, to keep us warm when it is cold, and that we are still able to use it to sustain ourselves. So let it be in our minds.
We bring our minds together as one and give thanks to the many kinds of birds on the earth, and the leader, the eagle. That we are still provided with their strength. So let it be in our minds.
We bring our minds together as one and give thanks to the many kinds of animals that wander the forests. That we still see them running about the forests, that they are still us with their skin, and their meat to sustain ourselves. So let it be in our minds.
We bring our minds together as one and give thanks to the four winds: north, south, east and west. That they are still working together so that we can breathe. So let it be in our minds.
We bring our minds together as one and give thanks to our grandmother the moon, that her face still illuminates the night, making sure that it will be peaceful here on earth. So let it be in our minds.
We bring our minds together as one and give thanks to our elder brother sun, that he is still providing us with his strength. So let it be in our minds.
We bring our minds together as one and give thanks to the stars that shine in the sky, that they still show us the way we should go when we are lost. So let it be in our minds.
We bring our minds together as one and give thanks to the creator. We remember that he is the one that created and prepared everything we depend on to live. This is why we bring our minds together to thank him. So let it be in our minds.
Now I have put the words of thanksgiving through.
If I have forgotten anything, it falls to each of you here to continue to complete it. Now it is time for us to open up the matter, and start the matter at hand.